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New insights into antiviral gene could help combat many diseases including Zika

A gene called RSAD2 is well-known among scientists who study virology, because it codes for an enzyme that stops several viruses from replicating. Now, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Pennsylvania State University have gained new insight into RSAD2 that they believe could be used to create new antiviral therapies.

The enzyme that RSAD2 makes is called viperin, and it naturally creates a compound that stops a range of viruses from replicating. That compound, called ddhCTP, inhibits a virus’s ability to copy its genetic material, the researchers reported in the journal Nature. They believe their discoveries could help in the design of new antiviral treatments inspired by ddhCTP, and they generated early evidence that such a molecule could be effective against three strains of Zika.

“We knew viperin had broad antiviral effects through some sort of enzymatic activity, but other antivirals use a different method to stop viruses,” said co-author Craig Cameron, Ph.D., professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State, in a press release.

The team discovered that ddhCTP blocks viral replication by incorporating itself into the genome of the virus. It becomes part of the virus’s RNA, then prevents the enzyme RNA polymerase from adding nucleotides to that strand of RNA. That cripples the ability of the virus to copy its genetic material.

There are antiviral treatments on the market known as “nucleotide analogs” that achieve the same feat, but they can also interfere with the functioning of normal cells, which can cause unintended side effects. The researchers believe that because ddhCTP is naturally created in the human body, it may avoid those toxic effects.

To examine the potential of ddhCTP as a treatment, the researchers tested it in samples of dengue, West Nile and Zika, which are all part of a family known as flaviviruses. Then they tested whether it could stop the replication of three different strains of Zika in cells. It worked. And it was as effective in two strains of Zika that were implicated in the 2016 outbreak as it was in the original 1947 strain, they reported.

The most recent Zika outbreak inspired several research teams to search for attacks against flaviviruses. For example, a team at Stanford University led an effort to develop a compound that targets the part of the host cell that adds sugar molecules to proteins. Inhibiting that process could prevent cells from becoming infected by Zika and other flaviviruses, they believe.

A team at Harvard Medical School has tested several potential Zika vaccines, and found last year that one dose of a vaccine based on an adeno-associated virus (AAV) protected monkeys against Zika for a year.

The Einsten and Penn State scientists believe the appeal of ddhCTP lies not only in its natural origins but also in its potential to combat several different diseases. The flavivirus family also includes West Nile, yellow fever and hepatitis C.

Steven Almo, Ph.D., professor and chair of biochemistry said in a statement that ddhCTP is “a completely novel drug scaffold” that could be used to create new antiviral therapies. “We are hoping we can generate variants of this molecule that will be even more effective,” he said.

Source: FierceBiotech

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AbbVie taps Calibr’s ‘switchable’ CAR-T for solid tumors

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After scrapping plans to grab a quick FDA nod for Rova-T, AbbVie is licensing CAR-T technology from Calibr to create safer, “switchable” CAR-T treatments for solid tumors.

AbbVie will pay an undisclosed license fee in return for exclusive access to Calibr’s platform for up to four years. While its primary focus is solid tumors—historically difficult to treat with CAR-T—the Big Pharma has the option to identify other targets, including blood cancers, and to license Calibr’s cell therapy programs that are already under way. This includes Calibr’s lead program, which is set to enter the clinic for lymphoma next year.

The pair will share responsibility for preclinical development, and AbbVie will take on clinical development and commercialization. Calibr will stand to reap success-based milestone payments and royalties.

Aside from challenges in solid tumors, researchers and companies working on CAR-T have run into issues with safety, specificity and patient relapse. The treatment essentially involves taking a patient’s T cells, modifying them to better recognize and attack a certain cancer, and putting them back into the patient, after which their activity can’t be controlled.

Calibr’s CAR-T platform is antigen agnostic and is “absolutely dependent” on antibody-based switches, said Travis Young, director of protein sciences at Calibr.

Calibr hopes its tech will lead to a universal CAR-T system, in which T cells would be modified the same way for each patient, regardless of tumor type, rather than developing a new CAR-T for each indication. The type of antibody switch used would determine the target, “switch on” the treatment and control its strength, Young said.

In addition to controlling CAR-T activity, the switches could also combat patient relapse, which happens when a patient’s cancer “hides” from the CAR-T cells by “losing” the antigen the cells are engineered to find. In this case, Young said, a different switch targeting a different antigen could be deployed.

“We’ve been working on this for a long time. We’re excited to see ‘switchable’ CAR-Ts getting a lot of attention now,” said Calibr COO Matt Tremblay. “AbbVie has a fresh perspective, it’s not in the cell therapy space in any significant way now that’s well known. […] It’s the right time to team up with somebody who is bold enough to go for a collaboration of the scope you see outlined [here].”

Many players are working on what is being called CAR-T 2.0, the next generation of CAR-T treatments designed to be safer and less complicated and time-consuming to produce. Researchers from Boston University are working on a split, programmable, universal system that aims to solve the same problems Calibr is trying to address. And researchers at Cellectis are incorporating a safety switch into CAR-T constructs themselves to eliminate the risk of imbalanced populations of safeguard molecules and CAR-T cells.

Source: FierceBiotech

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Annemiek Verkamman on the future of drug development

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The Dutch biotech sector is booming, but how do we maximise patient benefits across healthcare as a whole? The answer lies in greater innovation and efficiency, says the head of HollandBio.

When it comes to the future of drug development, HollandBio’s ethos can be summed up by its ‘faster, better’ approach to bringing medicines to market.

As the industry body responsible for connecting and representing the Netherland’s flourishing biotech sector—a scientific community that comprises 1150 organisations within a 120-mile area—HollandBio is at the forefront of championing the innovation and development of new medical treatments.

‘Our aim is to maximise the contribution of biotech to society, from healthcare to sustainability and economic growth,’ says HollandBio’s managing director, Annemiek Verkamman.

Representing a range of biotechnology companies, from small start-ups to multinational corporations, HollandBio is active across specialisms such as medicines, vaccines and gene therapies, as well as the outputs of industrial and agrofood biotech including alternative sources of energy and more resilient crops.

Verkamman cites the breakthrough innovations that the biotech sector delivers, for example in developing life-saving immunotherapies and finding cures for rare diseases.

HollandBio’s ‘faster, better’ philosophy is intended to tear down the obstacles for breakthrough medicines to go from bench to bedside.

‘We recognise that the development of new drugs is risky, expensive and time-consuming,’ says Verkamman. ‘Our “faster, better” approach is a response to that. It’s designed to facilitate innovations in the industry and to generate solutions that help us do this.’

One of the ways to do so, is to make better use of smart diagnostic tools. Some of the most exciting innovations of recent years are taking place in the field of organoids, says Verkamman, where a patient’s own cells are used to grow a ‘mini-organ’ in the laboratory in order to test which drugs work best.

‘Because it’s the patients own cells, you can also predict treatment responses better,’ she says of a technology that holds particular promise for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, Chron’s disease and cancer. Equally exciting in scope is ‘lab on a chip’—a device that’s capable of minituarising several body functions into a single microchip.

‘Lab chips can be used to mimic organs and it’s hoped that one day we can also use these to replace animal testing of new drugs,’ she says, while personalised medicine and the move away from the ‘one size fits all’ approach to treatment is another area of huge potential, where these technologies can be used to help find potential cures.‘

While opportunities for progress exist, this is not the only obstacle on the road. ‘The current regulatory system does not anticipate future innovations in medicine,’ says Verkamman.

Take for example the drug development for rare diseases with very small patient populations, where the standard model for registration and reimbursement, ‘doesn’t fit into the current regulatory system,’ says Verkamman.

’We need to make sure that we have a seamless transition from the registration of medicines right through to their reimbursement,’ she says.

The move to Amsterdam by the European Medicines Agency will bring additional opportunities. Other solutions that Verkamman advocates involve putting the patient perspective in the lead by the industry in every stage of drug development.

‘We are a small country, with really good scientists in the field, a flourishing biotech sector and great infrastructure. Everyone knows each other,’ she says. ‘Together we can make sure that biotech keeps delivering.’

Source: Technologische Ontwikkeling

 

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Kamerbrieven Bruins stemmen hoopvol

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In een trits brieven aan de Tweede Kamer zette Minister Bruins (VWS) eind vorige week uiteen hoe Nederland de uitgaven aan genees- en hulpmiddelen de komende jaren beheersbaar wil houden. Hij gaat uitgebreid in op de mogelijkheden én onmogelijkheden om de kosten te drukken. De objectieve benadering en constructieve toon is een verademing in het doorgaans zo gepolariseerde geneesmiddelendebat. Naast de evidente inzet op kostenbeheersing heeft de Minister Bruins ook aandacht voor de gevolgen voor gezondheid en innovatie. Hij nodigt de veldpartijen uit om mee te denken over de invulling van maatregelen. Natuurlijk gaat HollandBIO graag op die uitnodiging in. Niet alleen over de maatregelen in het hier en nu, maar ook over de structurele oplossingen voor de lange termijn.

Knelpunten korte termijn

Hoewel HollandBIO blij is met de genuanceerde toon van de documenten zien we ook knelpunten. We zien in de praktijk dat de maatregelen de toegang voor patiënten tot geneesmiddelen vertragen of zelfs ontzeggen. Vooral patiënten met een zeldzame ziekte zijn hiervan de dupe. We vinden dat in deze gevallen de focus te veel ligt op de kosten. We hebben begrip voor de maatregelen die VWS neemt, maar deze zouden niet ten koste moeten gaan van gezondheid en innovatie.

Geneesmiddelen van morgen

Er staat nogal wat op het spel. De ontwikkelingspijplijnen van onze achterban zitten tjokvol nieuwe behandelmogelijkheden voor patiënten. Patiënten voor wie elke dag wachten op een toereikende behandeling er één te veel is. Geneesmiddelenontwikkeling vergt een lange adem, er zijn enorme investeringen mee gemoeid en de kans van slagen is te klein. Het systeem dreigt vast te lopen. Er is maar één conclusie: het moet sneller en beter. Om tot een duurzaam innovatiemodel te komen, pleit HollandBIO voor oplossingen die gezondheid, innovatie en betaalbaarheid combineren.

Gidsland voor de wereld

Op basis van de vele kwaliteiten van onze life sciences & health sector kunnen we in Nederland een voorbeeld voor de wereld zijn, daar is HollandBIO van overtuigd. Maar er is werk aan de winkel. In het HollandBIO programma ‘Sneller en beter van lab naar patiënt’ presenteren we enkele oplossingen om tot een duurzaam zorgsysteem te komen. Het zijn echter oplossingen die staan of vallen met samenwerking in de keten. De brieven van het ministerie van VWS geven ons vertrouwen. Vertrouwen dat we er samen de schouders onder gaan zetten om een innovatief gidsland te worden. En dat is wel eens anders geweest.

Meer lezen?

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Argenx boosts pipeline with new version of lead drug

Argenx has the first data on a new subcutaneous formulation of its rare autoimmune disease drug efgartigimod that could make it a much more patient-friendly prospect.

The company already has an intravenous formulation of efgartigimod (ARGX-113) in trials for myasthenia gravis (MG), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV), all of which are characterized by high levels of pathogenic immunoglobulin G antibodies. Now, Argenx has data showing that its subcutaneous formulation behaves in the same way as the IV version in the body, and seems to be equally effective at depleting IgG levels.

The results raise the hope that the antibody fragment-based drug could be delivered via an IV loading dose to begin with, and then given by simple injection—potentially by the patient at home—as a maintenance therapy.

That would provide “flexible dosing options and greater convenience for patients with severe auto-immune conditions requiring long-term treatment,” according to Argenx’s recently appointed COO Keith Woods, who said the new formulation has now been added to its product pipeline. “With an SC formulation, we also plan to explore the potential for an off-the-shelf delivery system using a fine bore needle size to allow patients additional optionality around administration,” he added.

The Belgian-Dutch biotech has been on a roll over the last few months, completing an impressive $115 million IPO on the Nasdaq, following that up with a $231 million additional offering as 2017 drew to a close, and reporting positive results for IV efgartigimod in MG. If approved, it would compete with big-selling drugs such as Alexion’s $3 billion blockbuster Soliris (eculizumab) in MG, but with a differentiated mechanism of action.

In that study, the drug achieved a clinically significant improvement in symptoms (muscle weakness) in 75% of patients, compared to 25% of the placebo group. Last week, the biotech said it had completed an end-of-study meeting with the FDA and is designing a pivotal, phase 3 trial that should get underway before the end of the year. And it’s also waiting for readouts from phase 2 trials of efgartigimod in ITP and PV in the second half.

Argenx also has a second R&D track focusing on cancer, headed by CD70 antagonist ARG-110 for patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which has progressed to phase 2 as a combination with widely used AML chemotherapeutic drug azacytidine, phase 1 candidate ARGX-111 for cancer metastases, and AbbVie-partnered cancer immunotherapy ARGX-115.

Source: FierceBiotech

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5 Million for ProQR to develop QR-313 as treatment of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

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ProQR announced a collaboration with nonprofit organizations EB Research Partnership (EBRP) and EB Medical Research Foundation (EBMRF). ProQR is a company dedicated to changing lives through the creation of transformative RNA medicines for the treatment of severe genetic rare diseases. Under the agreement, EBRP and EBMRF will provide up to approximately $5 million in matching funding to ProQR under a venture philanthropy model. The funding will be used to develop QR-313 for patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) caused by mutations in exon 73 of the COL7A1 gene.

“The EB Research Partnership and EB Medical Research Foundation are exceptional organizations and we look forward to collaborate on our mission to develop a life changing treatment for patients with this devastating disease,” said Daniel A. de Boer, Chief Executive Officer of ProQR. “With the funding from these partners, we plan to accelerate the development of QR-313 for the treatment of DEB. And if we are successful with QR-313, we believe there is potential to expand this approach of exon skipping into other mutations that cause DEB and help even more patients.”

DEB is a rare debilitating skin disease caused by the absence of a protein called collagen type VII (C7). Symptoms are present from birth and include easy blistering of the skin, poorly healing wounds, skin infections and, in adulthood, some patients develop very aggressive forms of skin cancer. There are currently no approved treatment options for DEB. The WINGS trial, a first-in-human Phase 1/2 clinical trial of QR-313 in patients with DEB, is expected to initiate enrollment of patients in the first half of 2018. The trial is expected to report interim proof of mechanism results later this year, with full results expected in 2019.

“DEB has a huge impact on patients’ quality of life and there are currently no approved disease modifying treatment options beyond wound care,” said Alex Silver, founder and Chairman of EBRP and Paul Joseph, CFO of EBMRF. “Our organizations are excited to partner with the ProQR team, in the hopes that the development of QR-313 will provide a much-needed treatment option to this community.”

Source: ProQR

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Update Horizonscan Geneesmiddelen Zorginstituut

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Het Zorginstituut publiceert vandaag de update van de Horizonscan Geneesmiddelen. De scan heeft als doel om patiënten, behandelaars, ziekenhuizen, zorgverzekeraars en overheidsorganen vroegtijdig op de hoogte te stellen van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van innovatieve geneesmiddelen. De Horizonscan bevat een overzicht van geneesmiddelen of indicatie-uitbreidingen die de komende twee jaar verwacht worden. Diverse HollandBIO leden leverden informatie aan voor een representatieve scan. Ook zijn, mede op aangeven van HollandBIO, verbeteringen aangebracht in de nieuwe editie van de Horizonscan.

Het Zorginstituut stelt de Horizonscan Geneesmiddelen samen op basis van input van “(Horizon)scanners”, werkgroepen van experts en geneesmiddelenontwikkelaars. Die laatsten kregen niet alleen de kans om in een vroeg stadium data aan te leveren, maar deze ook voor publicatie te actualiseren. Dit komt de voorspellende waarde van de Horizonscan ten goede.

Het Zorginstituut heeft ten opzichte van de vorige scan, die begin dit jaar verscheen, een aantal verbeteringen doorgevoerd. Zo heeft het maximaal patiëntvolume plaatsgemaakt voor een onderbouwd realistisch patiëntvolume. Dit leidt tot een nauwkeurigere schatting van de behandelkosten. Daarnaast maakt de nieuwe scan ook melding van de ontwikkelfase waarin de geneesmiddelen zich bevinden. Het zijn twee aanpassingen waar HollandBIO erg blij mee is.

Hoewel deze update net is afgerond, start het Zorginstituut eind juni weer met de uitvraag voor de volgende Horizonscan, die december 2018, januari 2019 live gaat. Die scan wordt nog vollediger: naast nieuwe geneesmiddelen en toepassingen zal deze ook generieke geneesmiddelen en biosimilars in kaart brengen. HollandBIO roept haar leden op om ook hier weer een bijdrage aan te leveren.

Benieuwd naar de Horizonscan?

Bekijk dan de website van de Horizonscan geneesmiddelen. We horen graag of de gegevens van jouw bedrijf er goed in staan en of je mogelijkheden tot verdere verbetering van de scan ziet. https://www.horizonscangeneesmiddelen.nl/

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Alexion and Complement Pharma co-develop complement inhibitor for neurodegenerative disorders

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Alexion and Complement Pharma announced a partnership to co-develop the preclinical C6 complement inhibitor CP010 for neurodegenerative disorders. C6 inhibition prevents the formation of the destructive membrane attack complex (MAC), a complex of terminal complement proteins that mediate cellular injury following complement activation, and has the potential to treat a variety of central nervous system disorders. Under the terms of the agreement, Alexion will provide Complement Pharma with up to € 14 million in milestone-dependent payments through Phase 1b development. The agreement also provides Alexion with the option to acquire Complement Pharma during the term of the agreement.

“Alexion has been a pioneer in complement biology since the development of Soliris, the world’s first complement inhibitor, which has demonstrated the significant impact that C5 inhibition can have on several diseases caused by uncontrolled complement activation,” said John Orloff, M.D., Executive Vice President and Head of Research & Development at Alexion. “This collaboration provides an exciting opportunity to expand on our more than two decades of complement expertise to potentially treat additional diseases by targeting C6, a different component of the complement system.”

“Our understanding of the role of complement in many disorders continues to increase and many neurodegenerative diseases show activation of the complement system, even in early stages of disease,” said Frank Baas, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer at Complement Pharma. “We believe that C6 inhibition has the potential to treat multiple neurodegenerative disorders, and we look forward to working with Alexion, a partner with a worldwide leading position in complement biology, to realize the possibilities of this approach.”

Under the terms of the agreement, Alexion and Complement Pharma will collaborate on the development program for CP010. Complement Pharma will be responsible for conducting preclinical and Phase 1 studies and for manufacturing CP010. The phased agreement extends through the completion of Phase 1b development. Alexion has the option to acquire Complement Pharma during the term of the agreement.

CP010 is a humanized monoclonal antibody in preclinical development that binds to C6 in circulation to inhibit its function throughout the body by preventing MAC formation in both the periphery and the central nervous system. An end product of the activated complement cascade, MAC has been shown to play a role in neurodegeneration. CP010 has demonstrated C6 inhibition in vitro and in vivo; C6 inhibition prevents the formation of the MAC following complement activation which may allow treatment of a variety of central nervous system disorders.

Source: Alexion

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Sanofi Pasteur and Translate Bio Launch mRNA Vaccine Partnership

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Sanofi’s global vaccines unit Sanofi Pasteur will partner with Translate Bio to develop mRNA vaccines for up to five undisclosed infectious disease pathogens, through a collaboration that the mRNA therapeutics developer said today could generate for it up to $805 million-plus.

During the collaboration’s initial three-year research term, Translate Bio said, it will join Sanofi Pasteur in jointly conducting R&D activities to advance mRNA vaccines. Sanofi Pasteur agreed to pay for all costs during the research term and receive exclusive worldwide commercialization rights.

In return, Sanofi Pasteur agreed to pay Translate Bio $45 million upfront, and up to $760 million in payments tied to achieving development, regulatory, and sales-related milestones across several vaccine targets, as well as option exercise fees if Sanofi Pasteur exercises its option related to development of vaccines for additional pathogens.

Translate Bio said it is also eligible to receive tiered royalty payments associated with worldwide sales of the developed vaccines.

Under the collaboration with Sanofi Pasteur, Translate Bio will be responsible for clinical manufacture and will be entitled to additional payments under a separate supply agreement to be established.

“We believe mRNA technology has significant potential for rapid and versatile manufacturing, reduced industrialization costs for multiple vaccines, and the improved breadth of immune response for infectious disease vaccines,” John Shiver, SVP, R&D, Sanofi Pasteur, said in a statement. “The Translate Bio platform may allow us to further address medical needs worldwide, including those not readily accessible using conventional vaccine strategies.”

 

Sales, Clinical Setbacks

Sanofi is looking to broaden Sanofi Pasteur’s R&D efforts following a 0.9% year-over-year dip in sales during the first quarter, to €711 million ($839 million). While sales grew 8.3% for all of 2017, to €5.101 billion ($6.020 billion), they only inched up 1.2% during Q4, to €1.385 billion ($1.635 billion).

The vaccine unit is looking to bounce back from setbacks: Sanofi took a fourth-quarter charge for its pioneering Dengue vaccine Dengvaxia® to reflect reduced sales after long-term clinical trial data showed the vaccine could increase the severity of the disease in people who were not previously infected.

And in December 2017, Sanofi halted development of its Clostridium difficile candidate after the Independent Data Monitoring Committee for the Phase III Cdiffense™ clinical trial (NCT01887912) concluded that the vaccine was unlikely to meet the study’s primary endpoint of efficacy in adults ages 50 years-plus who are at risk for C. difficile infection and received at least one injection of the vaccine.

Translate Bio says its mRNA therapeutic platform (MRT) is designed to develop product candidates that deliver mRNA carrying instructions to produce intracellular, transmembrane, and secreted proteins for therapeutic benefit.

The company reasons that it can apply the MRT platform to a broad range of diseases caused by insufficient protein production or where production of proteins can modify disease—including diseases that affect the lung, liver, eye, central nervous system, lymphatic system, and circulatory system.

mRNA Platform “Potential”

“We believe that this partnership validates the potential of our mRNA platform, and also enables us to apply our mRNA technology beyond the current therapeutic applications that we are pursuing in cystic fibrosis and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, ultimately advancing our goal of delivering innovative medicines to patients,” added Translate Bio CEO Ronald Renaud.

Translate Bio emerged in January 2017 under the name RaNA Therapeutics when it acquired the MRT mRNA therapy platform from Shire—whose subsidiaries developed the technology—for an undisclosed price. At the time, the group of Shire MRT employees who had focused on developing the technology since 2008 joined RaNA to continue advancing the platform in cystic fibrosis and urea cycle disorders.

On April 12, Translate Bio said it won FDA clearance to begin a first-in-humans Phase I/II trial to assess the mRNA candidate MRT5005 in cystic fibrosis, with dosing of patients expected to begin “in mid-2018.”

The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is designed to enroll at least 32 adult patients with cystic fibrosis who have at least one Class I or Class II mutation. The trial’s primary endpoint will be the safety and tolerability of single and multiple escalating doses of MRT5005 administered by nebulization.

Translate Bio’s deal with Sanofi is subject to customary closing conditions, including the expiration of the applicable waiting period under the Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 in the U.S.

Source: GEN

 

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AstraZeneca and MSD present new results about Lynparza

The two pharma giants report data which showed clinical improvement in median radiologic progression-free survival (rPFS) with Lynparza (olaparib) in combination with abiraterone compared to abiraterone monotherapy, a standard of care, in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Lynparza is being jointly developed and commercialised by AstraZeneca and MSD.

Phase II trial

The results of Study 08, a randomised, double-blinded, multi-centre Phase II trial, comparing Lynparza in combination with abiraterone (n=71) to abiraterone monotherapy (n=71) in patients with previously-treated mCRPC, regardless of homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutation status, were presented at the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting in Chicago, US, 1-5 June 2018 as a “Best of ASCO presentation” and were published online today in the Lancet Oncology. The primary endpoint was rPFS. Secondary endpoints included time to second progression or death (PFS2), overall survival (OS) and health-related quality of life.

“A previous trial demonstrated improvements in response rates with Lynparza monotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant patients with HRR mutations. The Study 08 combination data suggests that regardless of their mutation status, men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer may potentially benefit from Lynparza in combination with abiraterone,” says Sean Bohen, Executive Vice President, Global Medicines Development and Chief Medical Officer at AstraZeneca.

Source: Nordic